Cultural Difference between Ancient Egypt and Ancient China Essay

The Cultural Development of antiquated Egyptians and old Chinese civic establishments were genuinely comparative however were diverse on specific thoughts. From the manner in which students of history took a gander at the quantity of divine beings/goddesses every progress adored, to the creations and instruments the skilled worker made to make life less troublesome shows the comparability of the two human advancement. Both couture’s covered their dead with things of significant worth, rehearsed precursor love, had expound frameworks of Bureaucratic frameworks of organization and, had simple ideas of Mathematics and Medicine. Antiquated Chinese religion dependent on Confucianism. Both Taoism and Confucianism started at about a similar time, around the 6th century B.C.E. China’s third extraordinary religion, Bu. The religion of Ancient Egypt was a polytheistic (numerous divine beings) religion with one brief time of monotheism (one god). Their religion facilitated around 700 unique divine beings and goddesses. Regardless of the comparative ideas of the 2 human progress antiquated Chinese: In Egypt, individuals were covered with thought to safeguarding, as they accepted that the dead would have the option to utilize their bodies in eternity. Chinese entombment style relied upon the area just as the fundamental religion of the individual. Be that as it may, the two human advancements were polytheistic (confidence in numerous divine beings). Old Egypt conviction framework depended intensely on the stories of the numerous divinities that they adored. In Ancient Egypt, it was accepted that, when a Pharaoh died, he was met with numerous tests. In the event that effective, the Pharaoh would climb and become the sun god, Ra. Anyway old Chinese conviction framework depended on three significant religions: Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Taoism was established during the Zhou Dynasty in the sixth century by Lao-Tzu. The possibility of Yin and Yang originates from Taoism. They accepted that everything in nature has two adjusting powers called Yin and Yang. Confucianism was conceived in 551 BC. Confucius was a savant and scholar. Confucius’ lessons center around approaching others with deference, amenability, and decency. He believed that respect and ethical quality were significant characteristics, family was significant, and regarding one’s family members was required. Buddhism depended on the lessons of Buddha. Buddha was conceived in Nepal, only south of China, in 563 BC. Buddhists trust in a â€Å"rebirth† of oneself, and the idea named Karma (all activities have results). What makes these two civic establishments comparative, Egypt and China had comparable governments in which they were the two governments. Both antiquated Chinese and old Egypt made devices and innovation to improve their lives, and make ordinary undertakings simpler. Additionally the two human advancements likewise required a water system framework to help control and use the close by rivers’ sources. Be that as it may, this is the place the likenesses of innovation end. Egyptians concentrated basically on life following death. They assembled excellent pyramids as entombment locales and existence in the wake of death assurance for Pharaohs and significant aristocrats. The Chinese spent their endeavors building streets for simpler exchange and waterways for effective, improved cultivating. Antiquated Egypt and old Chinese utilized paper. China and Egypt are additionally comparable in the way that they all took utilization of bronze metallurgy. Be that as it may, despite the fact that the two of them utilized bronze, China was better adjusted to it and profited more from it. Egypt was delayed to build up the utilization of bronze, and the significant expense didn’t permit them to utilize it much. Antiquated Chinese made paper (Papyrus-a tall plant that resembles grass and that develops in swamps particularly in China). Old Egypt are known for their pyramids. The size, plan, and structure of the pyramids uncover the expertise of these old developers. The pyramids were incredible landmarks and burial chambers for the lords. The Egyptians accepted that a king’s soul kept on managing issues of the realm much after his demise. To guarantee that they would keep on getting a charge out of the favors of the divine beings, they safeguarded the pharaoh’s body through the embalmment procedure. They assembled the pyramids to secure the pharaoh’s body; the pyramid was an image of expectation, since it would guarantee the pharaoh’s association with the divine beings. Antiquated Chinese rich individuals had fancier houses, and individuals likewise assembled extravagant sanctuaries and royal residences. All old Chinese engineering was worked by severe principles of structure that caused Chinese structures to follow the thoughts of Taoism or other Chinese ways of thinking. The structure thought was that structures ought to be long and low as opposed to tall †they and evenness: the two sides of the structure ought to be the equivalent, adjusted, similarly as Taoism accentuated balance. Both Ancient Egypt and Ancient Egypt were both stream human advancements that confronted the test of flooding of their close by waterways, which made water system frameworks and following floods significant. While investigating old Chinese and antiquated Egypt I saw that every development had similar thoughts yet they took their earlier information and bulled on it, in various ways. In view of this proof and realities I assembled I infer that old Egypt and antiquated China are the most grounded and longest enduring human advancements due to their association. Additionally since each civilization’s area was shut off, interfering and attempting to vanquish weren’t a significant issue. While composing this paper I discovered that with each civilization’s propelled devices and creations it affected everything and impacted all the innovation we have today.

The Role of the Ghost in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

The Role of the Ghost in Hamlet Essay The apparition is an image of insecurity in Denmark and it is the sign which connotes to Denmark that something isn't right. In Shakespeares play, to Hamlet, the apparition is an image of his dad whom he has incredible reverence for, as he variously alludes to his dad as a Greek God: Hyperion, and continually gauges the disparity between his dad and Claudius: Hyperion to Satyr. The best juxtaposition of the two contrary energies serves to accentuation the notable contrasts between the two characters. * The phantom, who is a very picture of Hamlet Senior: a figure like your dad can exploit because of Hamlets appreciation for his dad. The apparition urges Hamlet to kill Claudius so as to retaliate for his dads demise: Revenge this foul and most unnatural homicide! The insulting words used to outline the phantoms assessment of homicide feature his dissatisfaction with the homicide. He sensationalizes the occasion, saying 0 rundown, list, 0 list1If thou didst ever thy dear dad love. Shakespeare utilizes different artistic components to add-emFive capacity to the job of the apparition; for instance, the phantom scrutinizes the homicide, alluding to ~tas generally foul, strahge and unnatural. The gatherings of three M e r fuel Hamlet to kill the ruler. Incidentally regardless of his obvious objection to kill, he needs Hamlet to submit a similar assignment. This may make the crowd question the intentions of the apparition, which appear to be double-dealing. The phantom proceeds with a battering of blended messages when he sentences to Queen for her sexual corruption: thy most appearing to be upright sovereign adored go after trash. Anyway following this, he advises Hamlet to not think gravely about his mom, as Heaven will manage her activities: Taint not thy mind nor let thy soul imagine/Against thy mother nothing, leave her to paradise/And to those thistles that her chest stop/To prick and sting her. The brutal symbolism he utilizes just further elevates Hamlets disturb at his moms activities. The representation of thistles in her chest is a direct opposite on the grounds that the chest and rose are images of womanliness, yet the prick and sting2epict torment (just as phallic references); and since Hamlet is so impacted by his dad (in the fonn of a phantom), his scorn for his mom increments. These clashing thoughts frequent Hamlet later in the play, when he is confounded to how he should treat his mom: I will talk blades to her however utilize none. His indecision between acting savagely however not really utilizing that savagery is shownwhen Hamlets lingers in slaughtering Claudius. In spite of the fact that he makes reference to that his musings are ridiculous he never figures out how to make an interpretation of these contemplations vigorously, mostly because of the negating sees the apparition has planted in him. Generally speaking, the job of the apparition is to support Hamlets over the top contemplations about his moms union with his uncle, just as to portend game changing occasions to follow.

Welcoming Our New Team Members Abbie, Hans, David and Pilar - Focus

Welcoming Our New Team Members Abbie, Hans, David and Pilar - Focus It feels like every other week that were writing one of these posts, but with two growing products to develop, theres  a lot to do at Meister HQ! Fortunately, weve found the team to do it ?? This week, were welcoming another four new team members across support, development and DevOps. Heres what Abbie, Hans, David and Pilar bring to our team Abbie Wise Support My Background After receiving my degree in Sculpture from the Maryland Institute College of Art, I started my career in tech through an apprenticeship program in Seattle. I have experience supporting a whole range of software and hardware and am working on my Linux certification. I’m passionate about the intersection between people and technology and love to engage people about the technology they use and how they use it. My Role at Meister I’ll be joining the support team from the Seattle office. I’ll be helping our customers get the most out of our tools, from explaining how to use current features to exploring the possibility of new features and everything in between. About Me You can usually find me hiking or riding my bike on the weekends. I always have at least one or two knitting projects going and I really should stop buying so much yarn. Hans Schnedlitz Backend Development My Background: I started out studying Technical Mathematics at Vienna University of Technology. After some years studying mathematics, I figured out that I was only ever really interested in the computer science part, so I left university to earn some real-life experience in the sector. I first spent some years working as a consultant/developer with C#, before returning to university to study Software Engineering. During the last couple of years, I worked as a tutor as well as as a Java developer. When MeisterLabs offered me a position as a Backend Developer, the decision to join and add Ruby to my arsenal was an easy one to make. My Role at Meister At Meister Ill be mostly working on improving and extending the existing API. Currently, Im developing an internal application to be used by our Support Team ?? About Me: When Im not coding at work, Im usually coding at home, working on some silly side project. I dont binge on TV series, but I do binge on computer games: If I get hooked on a game youll have a hard time separating me from the screen until I beat it. I also have some hobbies that dont depend on a computer: I really enjoy bouldering, reading a good book and cooking. David Jöch Frontend Development My Background I graduated from Higher Technical College in St.Pölten a couple of years ago and decided I wanted to start working right away. So, I moved from Lower-Austria to Vienna for my first job where I did full-stack development over a number of different projects. During that time, I became particularly interested in front-end development and UI/UX design, so began learning as much as I could about everything front-end related. Recently, I decided to take on a new challenge and join Meister to help build awesome products and learn even more about front-end development! My Role at Meister This September, I joined the MeisterTask team, where I fix bugs and develop new features in the web application as a front-end developer. About Me I am really passionate about any kind of activity that involves some sort of creativity. Most of all I love making music! I play five different musical instruments and after playing in many different bands in the past, I am still part of a rock band today. Other than that, I really enjoy reading, cooking and skiing in the winter! Pilar Andrea Huidobro Peltier DevOps My Background Originally from Santiago, Chile, I moved to Austria 18 years ago and to Vienna last year (yay!) I started my career in genetics, having studied it at the University of Vienna, but I made the move to computer science 3 years ago, and I could not be happier! Since then, the tech community has pretty much been my life. It’s what drives my passion to stay in the industry. I love helping others to get into tech and fall in love with tech as much as I have! My Role at Meister This October, I joined Patrick to form the DevOps department! As such, we’re working together to make sure that all our developers’ hard work is available to our wonderful users, as often as possible. So far it’s been great getting to work with fun technologies like Docker and the Google Cloud Platform, so I’m looking forward to what’s yet to come! About Me I’m a huge dog fan, especially of my Sharpei, Mochi, and love books too I aspire to someday have a library like Belle’s in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast! I’m also a huge fan of video games, like Majora’s Mask and Earthbound. One reason that I really enjoy being part of the tech community is that I love making sure everyone is happy and included I will gladly go to a meetup or conference with you and be your friend (especially if you buy me sweets ??). So these are the four latest additions to the Meister team. If you want to take a closer look at how we work, you can follow us on Instagram, and if youre thinking of joining our amazing team yourself, you can check out our open positions here! Welcoming Our New Team Members Abbie, Hans, David and Pilar - Focus It feels like every other week that were writing one of these posts, but with two growing products to develop, theres  a lot to do at Meister HQ! Fortunately, weve found the team to do it ?? This week, were welcoming another four new team members across support, development and DevOps. Heres what Abbie, Hans, David and Pilar bring to our team Abbie Wise Support My Background After receiving my degree in Sculpture from the Maryland Institute College of Art, I started my career in tech through an apprenticeship program in Seattle. I have experience supporting a whole range of software and hardware and am working on my Linux certification. I’m passionate about the intersection between people and technology and love to engage people about the technology they use and how they use it. My Role at Meister I’ll be joining the support team from the Seattle office. I’ll be helping our customers get the most out of our tools, from explaining how to use current features to exploring the possibility of new features and everything in between. About Me You can usually find me hiking or riding my bike on the weekends. I always have at least one or two knitting projects going and I really should stop buying so much yarn. Hans Schnedlitz Backend Development My Background: I started out studying Technical Mathematics at Vienna University of Technology. After some years studying mathematics, I figured out that I was only ever really interested in the computer science part, so I left university to earn some real-life experience in the sector. I first spent some years working as a consultant/developer with C#, before returning to university to study Software Engineering. During the last couple of years, I worked as a tutor as well as as a Java developer. When MeisterLabs offered me a position as a Backend Developer, the decision to join and add Ruby to my arsenal was an easy one to make. My Role at Meister At Meister Ill be mostly working on improving and extending the existing API. Currently, Im developing an internal application to be used by our Support Team ?? About Me: When Im not coding at work, Im usually coding at home, working on some silly side project. I dont binge on TV series, but I do binge on computer games: If I get hooked on a game youll have a hard time separating me from the screen until I beat it. I also have some hobbies that dont depend on a computer: I really enjoy bouldering, reading a good book and cooking. David Jöch Frontend Development My Background I graduated from Higher Technical College in St.Pölten a couple of years ago and decided I wanted to start working right away. So, I moved from Lower-Austria to Vienna for my first job where I did full-stack development over a number of different projects. During that time, I became particularly interested in front-end development and UI/UX design, so began learning as much as I could about everything front-end related. Recently, I decided to take on a new challenge and join Meister to help build awesome products and learn even more about front-end development! My Role at Meister This September, I joined the MeisterTask team, where I fix bugs and develop new features in the web application as a front-end developer. About Me I am really passionate about any kind of activity that involves some sort of creativity. Most of all I love making music! I play five different musical instruments and after playing in many different bands in the past, I am still part of a rock band today. Other than that, I really enjoy reading, cooking and skiing in the winter! Pilar Andrea Huidobro Peltier DevOps My Background Originally from Santiago, Chile, I moved to Austria 18 years ago and to Vienna last year (yay!) I started my career in genetics, having studied it at the University of Vienna, but I made the move to computer science 3 years ago, and I could not be happier! Since then, the tech community has pretty much been my life. It’s what drives my passion to stay in the industry. I love helping others to get into tech and fall in love with tech as much as I have! My Role at Meister This October, I joined Patrick to form the DevOps department! As such, we’re working together to make sure that all our developers’ hard work is available to our wonderful users, as often as possible. So far it’s been great getting to work with fun technologies like Docker and the Google Cloud Platform, so I’m looking forward to what’s yet to come! About Me I’m a huge dog fan, especially of my Sharpei, Mochi, and love books too I aspire to someday have a library like Belle’s in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast! I’m also a huge fan of video games, like Majora’s Mask and Earthbound. One reason that I really enjoy being part of the tech community is that I love making sure everyone is happy and included I will gladly go to a meetup or conference with you and be your friend (especially if you buy me sweets ??). So these are the four latest additions to the Meister team. If you want to take a closer look at how we work, you can follow us on Instagram, and if youre thinking of joining our amazing team yourself, you can check out our open positions here!

Revered Place Of The Jury Cannot Be Justified Law Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3123 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? Todays jury within the Australian legal system strives to achieve justice by reflecting on the moral values of people in the society. The jury is claimed to represent the judgement, values, and standards of the community. It is said to project liberties between the tensions of the legal system and the people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Revered Place Of The Jury Cannot Be Justified Law Essay" essay for you Create order However, criticisms have risen against the jury which proves that the prestigious place of the jury within the common law system presently still has room for improvement. Subsequently, jury issues necessitate a comparison between todays jury and the original jury that designated from England, in order to critically analyse to what extent it affects the development of the legal system and how it came to be evolved within jurisdiction. Although one can say that the jury today bears no resemblance of the traditional jury, however, it is misleading. There are notions in the current jury that have derived from the traditional jury having pros and cons in their own ways. Whether the jury system achieves to pursue justice and impartiality as the centrality of law as a means of social ordering (page 25 Parkinson) for society is still presently questionable. After analysing a contrast between the two systems of juries, the inadequacies will then be examined to identify its deficiencies within the current place of the legal system and the community. The original jury system achieved justice in certain aspects in which the current jury system does not achieve and vice versa. However, there are certain flaws in both in achieving the standard demand of integrity and uprightness within the legal system. Certain methods of the original jury system can be pinpointed in the modern system. Nevertheless, there are distinctive features which differentiate the two. After many adjustments to Australias cultural diversity, the jury system seized a prominent role proffering a more fairer and impartial outcome of cases in which society favoured. The jury engages twelve citizens of the public to sit at a trial as representatives of individual judges themselves. The random selection of jurors is what represents the community. However, the present system has become so unfavoured that many litigants have avoided the use of the jury for their cases. The revered jury system in Australia evolved from Englands legal system in the 17th Century. The jury was formed due to the difficulty in determining the facts of a case such as the need to resolve property disputes. Through King Henry II, the jury system was developed to replenish justice by improvising the need of twelve men drawn from the community to uncover the facts of a dispute themselves as witnesses to the facts rather than depending on the information presented in court. Derived from the Magna Carta, all free men were to be judged by his peers. For instance, had the barons committed a crime then they were to be judged by other barons. Thus, the jury was a group of peers who were from the same status as the accused. However, only the nobles were benefited from such proceedings. Unlike the jury today, the traditional jury were selected according to their specific knowledge of the facts in a case. The people nominated from the community for jury service were to bring their personal knowledge to the case at question and if this was absent, they were expected to go and investigate the case themselves, even permitted to approach crime scenes to obtain such information. The traditional procedure may have been a better approach since the jurors had the essential knowledge of a case before coming to court. Not only would foreknowledge of the jury be a fairer system of trial but a more active role would achieve justice in a more impartial way. The current jury system scrutinises this methodology because it is assumed to practice injustice. Todays members of the jury do not research any sources of information about or relating to the particular crime being trialled. Without such training, the jurors have no idea what they will be adjudicating beforehand and are merely faced with manipulated evidence presented to them by the lawyers to induce their argument. Most of them would be intimidated about the fact of going to court or struggle to understand the evidence regardless that the judge will assist them. Subsequently, this can result in miscarriage of justice where the verdict will be overturned by the judge. Thus, a re-trial with a new jury panel will be called upon. Not only will this be time-consuming for the litigants, their representatives, the judge, and jurors but it also results in excessive expenses. However, it is essential to note that a judge can be influenced by the decision of the jury panel, ultimately leadin g to an influenced verdict of the case upon injustice. In R v Skaf (2004) 60 NSWLR 86, two members of the jurors had visited the crime scene before the trial occurred due to frustration that arose among the jurors in delivering their verdict. The lighting of the location at night needed to be investigated in order to distinguish whether the defendants face was recognisable by the victim. However, due to their conduct, the defendant was allowed a new trial on the ground that justice was contravened by the jury by doing the certain acts. If the jury had the right to investigate the case themselves in the first place then a more precise outcome would be reached. Thus, juries should be given a more active role to participate not only within the court but also outside the court in order to attain justice on behalf of the community. With the absence of foreknowledge, it is undeniable that the jurors will base their decisions upon their sentiment and emotions, particularly in cases concerning children, rape and convicting. Every member of jury have their own past experiences or personal views of the particular issues addressed in court. For example, a jury member may have been a victim of crime (p44 law reform commission) and may be hearing a case about a defendant with a criminal history. This becomes a major problem and can severely affect the legal decisions made which may have an impartial effect on the parties to a case. Juror must take the elements of the case as it is presented and not allow past experiences to affect their judgement which is unlikely to be ignored. Many jurors can become sympathetic towards the knowledge of another persons poor misfortune or unlucky circumstances. For example, the jury panel might totally ignore the evidence against a severely disabled person and decide on a verdict that favours the disabled person. It is a very difficult factor to overcome considering that the disabled person has suffered irreversible damage and will further suffer in the permanent future. A decision primarily based on sympathy has the potential to augment any unfair rulings and poses a serious threat against any fair rulings. On the other hand, a person on drug dependency may be dishonoured and unfavourable by the jury panel (Commission). The classic jury were selected according to gender, property qualifications, and the foreknowledge. However, the current selection criteria for the determination of the jury panel is outlined as a random selection and not based on gender or property qualifications. The aim of selecting jury members who represent the community as a whole appears to be diverging from the actual selection process that occurs today. Exemption from jury duty is permitted for highly qualified individuals, for example, professionals like doctors, dentist, police officers and members of parliament. People who cannot read or write the English language are also exempt from jury duty. Thus, community representation should include all individuals who participate and serve the public society. Exclusion of the so-called high-class citizens clearly does not reflect the idea of community representation and random allocation. They are individuals who engage with members of the community as much as the other lower-cla ss citizens. Every individual has their own concept of justice and ethics, and is primarily based on ones past experiences or education. For example, medical practitioners are specialised in the topic of ethical practice as part of their tertiary program. This highlights the need for inclusion of these high-class citizens, as they may have a more advanced understanding of ethics, which will contribute to the process of a stricter legal decision and justice for the parties involved. Furthermore, the jury panel differs on the basis of intellectual ability and language comprehension. Some individuals may simply not comprehend the information presented to them at trial. Lawyers may present their evidence with jargon and terminology unfamiliar to the jury members. These individuals will base their decisions on those aspects of the presented information that seem clear to them. It is an unrealistic expectation for jurors to fully understand and comprehend such terminology. Qualified lawyers have spent many years within the realms of formal education and training to develop communication methods that are based on law jargon. The complexity of the trial process, including matters related to subsequent rehabilitation, restricts the ability of jury members to become more involved with the decision-making process. Consideration of these inadequate elements classifies the jurys decision as of limited value and thus, does not meet the requirements of random selection and co mmunity representation. Injustice arose in the classic jury during the reign of King Edward III where the rule of unanimity applied, even extending till now. In the old cases, if the jurors were not unanimous, they were constantly changed in order to conclude to a same opinion and the diversity of opinions was inconsistent to the judgement. Harsh methods were sanctioned by the law in order to achieve this unanimity rule upon the jurors. At times, they were to be humiliated if they failed to agree, forced by starvation, or by torture if a verdict was not decided. Even the jury could have decided their verdict without any evidence but for the sake of avoiding the punishments and also that the evidence presented in the courts were not binding on them. However, these so-called punishments are obviously not present today since it coincides with the rights of the jurors and thus, if they were present, people would avoid sitting in a jury panel. Subsequently, today, the concept of a unanimous jury has been replaced by a majority verdict, although the unanimous jury still exists in NSW criminal trials (footnote NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service -page 2). The majority decision or unanimity is interpreted to undermine the strictness and lawfulness of a court ruling which holds out the individual views of the minority basically on the grounds of unreasonableness, favoured beliefs or merely an enforcement of a decision. The members of the jury mainly have many different characteristics that include academic and ethnic backgrounds, knowledge of the law system and its terminologies, and past personal or social experiences. These factors are bound to produce misunderstandings and inconsistencies of the decision-making process. Majority deciding for a ruling does not imply that they have made a well-informed decision based primarily on the law and justice since the emphasis is aiming for a common decision. The opinion of th e minority of the jury panel are simply disregarded or overruled due to the concept of majority decision. It does not deter any credibility or value away from the decision of the minority, and should still hold as much value and relevance to the judge and the trial. The decision of the minority favours the convicted party and excluding them is a potential source of injustice since the purpose of the jury is to represent the community by applying their standards. The ideal jury panel consists of members with no past experience as a jury member and no knowledge of the law system. This excludes any source of bias that a particular member relates to or remembers from a previous case. Every court case is different in terms of parties involved, specific facts and circumstances of the events. One cannot freely refer to every case with a similar mindset, because this approach can effectively impact upon the judges ruling and subsequent consequences towards the parties involved. Every person has their own understanding of the law system, whether it is through personal research or past experiences. The diverse qualities of panel members should be filtered for sources of preconception when undergoing the process of justice. Moreover, Australia has fast become a multi-cultural nation with a diverse presence of different cultures. The incidence of ethnic tension in the Australian community has risen as evident from national media. It is expected that todays jury panel will consist of individuals with very diverse cultural backgrounds. There is no doubt that this will result in tension within the jury panel and has the potential to distract the focus away from the actual court case itself. Some nations, for example, India and Singapore have abolished the jury system on their own grounds. Jury members from these nations are inclined to be ignorant towards the jury system present in Australia. They may simply appear disinterested or consider the whole process a waste of their time. On the other hand, Japan and Germany allow selected individuals to sit alongside qualified judges and actively contribute to legal decisions. These members of jury possess the expectation that their say will be considered more str ongly than others in the panel. This can place unnecessary pressure to the more passive individuals from other nations or ethnic groups. Decision-making is best served when potential sources of bias are removed. The original jury were kept together till a trial ended or a decision was made and were not permitted to return home in between the trials. Such procedure achieved maintained a fair and impartial trial in which prevented the jurors from being influenced from outsiders. However, it contravened the rights of the jurors by locking them up and confining them. Eventually the process was overturned by the Magna Carta (footnote) and the juries were permitted to investigate the facts and return to court as mentioned above. The main issue of inconvenience of the jury today arises when the jury panel is instructed to return to trial after a delayed period of time. It may be a period of several weeks to several months. During the period, the jurors may be exposed to media or publicity which without a doubt will affect their decisions when returning. Another threat that delays may pose on the integrity of the jury panel is the fact that some members of the panel may not be available for return. There can be a multitude of reasons that range from overseas travel and serious illness. The validity of the jurys verdict is questioned when this occurs, and the representative nature of the jury is also lost (Commission p51-52). The risk of a new trial, whether it is due to miscarriage of justice or loss of representation of the jury panel, incurs additional expenses. All the parties involved, including the jury panel, will not see the further loss of time positively. In the recent years, there has been a great reduction of convictions in the superior courts compared to the convictions heard in the lower courts due to the jurys input. In many recent cases, there has been a result of excessive and absurd amounts of compensations and damages awarded by the jury on behalf of the victims. Consequently, the cases are likely to be appealed again. Cases that have occurred in the workplace are likely to be heard from a panel of jurors since hearing a case before a judge can impose a harsher punishment and a strict liability upon the defendant. There is a high level of expectation today regarding the need for concealment and secrecy of the jury process, just as it was required in the classic jury in which the King compelled the jurors to swear an oath not to expose anything from the case once it ended. In both systems, it is a possibility that the jurors would return to their homes and discuss the matters of trial freely. However, this presents several issues in the current jury that can affect a jurors decision during a period of hearing a case. The opinions of family members or friends have a strong value towards the jury member, and are a significant factor for bias. The opinion or feedback given by close members already outweigh and stay with the jurors mind, more so than their initial thoughts and decisions. One can also say the media has a powerful effect on any persons train of thought. The media is a powerful tool for conveying information, and any messages related to a trial can significantly sway a jurors decision . The policy of handing out appropriate penalties for the breach of secrecy appears to be ineffective. In R v Fayka (footnote), members of the jurors had searched on the internet, approached the crime scene, and had discussed the facts of the case with their family which influenced their opinions. Consequently, the trial was dismissed which had cost more than a million dollars to the public. In addition, the jurors were further to punished and instead, the defendant lawyers were rewarded a sum of money. Thus, there is no guarantee that a juror will not discuss the matters of the case outside of trial hearings. Even though the jurors can reveal their acts and penalties can be applied for breaching secrecy, however, jurors are capable of remaining secretive about their breach of secrecy to prevent such a penalty. This poses a further threat to the validity of the jurys verdict, because they are more inclined to be introverted and less inclined to express their views freely (point 7). The legal charter known as magna carta expresses the rights of a person to life; liberty and property (look up any reference about magna carta), and any deviance away from these rights must be provided reasons for doing so. The current jury system does not reveal the reasons for convicting a guilty party. No one can know whether the reasons were beyond reasonable doubt, or whether the jury simply had to apply a law as instructed by the judge (David Watt p10). This process denies the right of a person towards life and liberty, and in doing so breaches the concept of magna carta. It is considered unfair towards the convicted party and contrasts highly with the fact that judges often give detailed reasons in regards to a given decision. In conclusion, the jury in the common law system of Australia today cannot be justified. Not only do the qualities of the jury affect the legal decisions in cases but it struggles to achieve impartiality in the courts and conflicts with the notion of representing the community.

What Was Absolutism

Absolutism is a political theory and form of government in which unlimited, complete power is held by a centralized sovereign individual, with no checks or balances from any other part of the nation or government. In effect, the ruling individual has absolute power, with no legal, electoral, or other challenges to that power. In practice, historians argue whether Europe saw any true absolutist governments, but the term has been applied—rightly or wrongly—to various leaders, from the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler to monarchs including Louis XIV of France and Julius Caesar. Absolute Age/Absolute Monarchies Referring to European history, the theory and practice of absolutism are generally spoken about with regard to the absolutist monarchs  of the early modern age (16th to 18th centuries). It is much rarer to find any discussion of the 20th century dictators as absolutist. Early modern absolutism is believed to have existed across Europe, but largely in the west in states such as Spain, Prussia, and Austria. It is considered to have reached its apogee under the rule of French King Louis XIV from 1643 to 1715, although there are dissenting views—such as that of historian Roger Mettam—suggesting that this was more dream than reality. By the late 1980s, the situation in historiography was such that a historian could write in The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought that â€Å"there has emerged a consensus that the absolutist monarchies of Europe never succeeded in freeing themselves from restraints on the effective exercise of power. What is now generally believed is that Europe’s absolute monarchs still had to recognize lower laws and offices but maintained the ability to overrule them if it benefited the kingdom. Absolutism was a way in which the central government could cut across the laws and structures of territories that had been acquired piecemeal through war and inheritance, a way of trying to maximize the revenue and control of these sometimes disparate holdings. The absolutist monarchs had seen this power centralize and expand as they became rulers of modern nation-states, which had emerged from more medieval forms of government, where nobles, councils/parliaments, and the church had held powers and acted as checks, if not outright rivals, on the old-style monarch. A New Style of State This developed into a new style of state that had been aided by new tax laws and centralized bureaucracy allowing standing armies reliant on the king, not nobles, and concepts of the sovereign nation. The demands of an evolving military are now one of the more popular explanations for why absolutism developed. Nobles weren’t exactly pushed aside by absolutism and the loss of their autonomy, as they could benefit greatly from jobs, honors, and income within the system. However, there is often a conflation of absolutism with despotism, which is politically unpleasant to modern ears. This was something absolutist era theorists tried to differentiate, and modern historian John Miller takes issue with it, too, arguing how we might better understand the thinkers and kings of the early modern era: â€Å"Absolute monarchies helped to bring a sense of nationhood to disparate territories, to establish a measure of public order and to promote prosperity†¦we need therefore to jettison the liberal and democratic preconceptions of the twentieth century and instead think in terms of an impoverished and precarious existence, of low expectations and of submission to the will of God and to the king. Enlightened Absolutism During the Enlightenment,  several absolute monarchs—such as Frederick I of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Habsburg Austrian leaders—attempted to introduce Enlightenment-inspired reforms while still strictly controlling their nations. Serfdom was abolished or reduced, more equality among subjects (but not with the monarch) was introduced, and some free speech allowed. The idea was to justify the absolutist government by using that power to create a better life for the subjects. This style of rule became known as Enlightened Absolutism. The presence of some leading Enlightenment thinkers in this process has been used as a stick to beat the Enlightenment by people who would like to go back to older forms of civilization. Its important to remember the dynamics of the time and the interplay of personalities. End of Absolute Monarchy The age of absolute monarchy came to an end in the late 18th and 19th centuries as popular agitation for more democracy and accountability grew. Many former absolutists (or partly absolutist states) had to issue constitutions, but the absolutist kings of France fell the hardest, one being removed from power and executed during the French Revolution. If Enlightenment thinkers had helped the absolute monarchs, the Enlightenment thinking they developed helped destroy their later rulers. Underpinnings The most common theory used to underpin the early modern absolutist monarchs was the divine right of kings, which derived from medieval ideas of kingship. These claimed that monarchs held their authority directly from God and that the king in his kingdom was as God in his creation, enabling the absolutist monarchs to challenge the power of the church, effectively removing it as a rival to the sovereigns and making their power more absolute. It also gave them an extra layer of legitimacy, although one not unique to the absolutist era. The church, sometimes against its judgment, came to support absolute monarchy and to get out of its way. A different train of thought espoused by some political philosophers was natural law, which held that there are certain immutable, naturally occurring laws that affect states. Thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes saw absolute power as an answer to problems caused by natural law: that members of a country gave up certain freedoms and put their power in the hands of one person to safeguard order and give security. The alternative was violence driven by basic forces such as greed. Sources Miller, David, editor. The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. Wiley-Blackwell.Miller, John. Absolutism in Seventeenth-Century Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.

The Proper Way of Managing your Money Free Essays

Money Management is where the proper handling of money is applied. Proper management of money is important in our daily lives. Success in life is based on how you manage it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Proper Way of Managing your Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is really a great challenge to manage your money. As we all know that we all live in a society where all of our neighbors are flooded with lots of products and you are there wanting to have also what they have. It doesn’t work that way. You need to budget, save and invest your hard earned cash to be productive and become a millionaire as well (King 36). Set-up your own goal and develop it to have an organized system. What should be your goal? For instance, your goal is to gain more money in 5 years time. The question now is what can you do to attain your goal? One possible way is through budgeting.   You must know where your money goes, how much comes in and how much goes out so you will know if you really save. In budgeting, you need to know your purchases which include your basic necessities and the payments for your bills. Furthermore, a 20% of your salary or income must be included to your budget. It is a smart decision. If you save 20% of your salary per month, you will be astonished for the money earned in five years time. That is a lot of savings on your part. Even though, you have a small income monthly, you can still save money. So, don’t be discouraged if your salary or income generated for the whole month is small. (King 35) Also read: No Money, No Honey Saving practically also means a wise spending. In this case, we must avoid inflation. It only happens when more money is needed as against the total supply of money available. To site an example, you buy more foods than you actually eat. You help increase the price of goods because the higher the demands of a certain product in which its supply is few, the price of the product becomes higher (King 36). When you shop, you need to have a comparison to distinguish which is the lowest price.   Furthermore, plan to shop when there is a sale or discounts. It is really a great help on saving your money. Don’t avail credit cards. It’s so tempting and almost 70% of people who use credit cards are actually indebt (King 39). Saving and budgeting are more on practicing self-discipline. Acquiring this attitude means you have the potential of managing your money properly. After budgeting and saving your money, you have to find the right kind of investments for your hard earned money comes from your salary or profit from your business. An investment is something to purchase in which has potentials in getting your money back more than you spent for a certain purchase. You need to invest to have more gains like in mutual funds. A mutual fund is a regulated investment company with a pool of assets that regularly sells and redeems its shares.   However, this opportunity is risky. There are times that the shares are decreasing after a long period of time. There are many to invest, like in lots, after long years, the price increases. It is hard to become a millionaire. It will take you years to be one, but if you know the proper management of your money and acquire the winning attitudes, you are not far to become one. Bibliography King, David. You Can Be Rich. Worldlink Marketing Corporation, 2002.       How to cite The Proper Way of Managing your Money, Essay examples

Job Evaluation Report Field of Electronics and Communication Engineer

Question: Discuss about the Job Evaluation Report for Field of Electronics and Communication Engineering. Answer: Introduction The objective of this report is to discuss different career options and jobs in my field of Electronics Communication engineering. The electronics and communication industry is a growing industry. There are jobs ate multiple position in the industry. There are jobs at the entry level and the jobs at the senior level. The jobs at the entry level and the jobs at the senior level should be considered based on qualification and the knowledge in the field of electronics and communication. The jobs in the field of electronics engineering would require the work of research and development and the support. The jobs that pay higher are the jobs in the field of research and development and likewise the required qualifications are more in the field of research and development as compared to the field of testing and support. The different types of jobs available in the field of electronics and communication can be discussed as: Types of Jobs Available As a graduate in electronics and communication engineer, I am looking the jobs in the electronics and telecommunication field. The field of Electronics Communication engineering is a growing field and there are lots of jobs available in the market. The four major types of jobs available in the market in the field of Electronics Communication engineering are: Electronics Engineer The job of Electronics Engineer is one of most sought after job in the field of Electronics Communication engineering. The large companies that manufacturers Computer chips typically looks for people with this background. The companies like Intel, Microsoft, Samsung have always the demand for Electronics Engineers. These large companies are looking for the employees with similar background. The focus of the firms is to get recruit the candidates that comes with required skills, knowledge and experience. Assistant Engineer The various companies in the electronics industry require the assistant engineers. The main role of this job is to support Electronics Engineers in the company. There are various openings of assistant engineers in the company. The assistant engineers works with the electronics engineers to solve the engineering problems of the company. The next career movement from the post of Assistant engineer is the Electronics engineer. Tech Support Engineer This type of role demands the support and maintenance of the existing infrastructure in the company. This role requires 24*7 support and availability of tech support. There are various support roles where the Tech support Engineers are required. Unlike the research and development engineers, who have to work only in daytime, the support engineers would have to work in the nighttime also. The next career movement from the post of Tech Support Engineer is the Assistant engineer. Junior Electronic Service Technician This is the entry-level job in the field of electronics industry. The people in this role are not the main decision makers and in most of the cases they have to support the senior engineers. The junior electronic service technicians have to work under engineers. In most of the cases, the senior engineers would set the work for junior electronic service technician. The engineers at this level may not be involved in any research and development area. This is the region that the employees at this level could get easily bored from their role. The next career movement from the post of junior electronic service technician is the tech support engineer. Job websites Indeed https://au.indeed.com/ Indeed is worldwide job search engine, which was launched in 2004. Indeed is currently available in 50 countries and in 28 languages. In October 2010 become the most high traffic job website in the United States (Bond, 2014). Indeed provides Services thats includejob search, job trends, resume upload, industry trends, salary search, job competition index, and websiteforums. Jora https://au.jora.com/ Au.jora.com is an Australia-based search engine for jobs. This website aim is to make their website simple and intuitive as possible so everyone in Australia can find their career related jobs. Jora providing their services to 16 countries now a days. LinkedIn https://au.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn is the world largest professional network, which has 433 million members in across 200 countries. LinkedIn was officially launched on May 5, 2003. LinkedIn gives you the access to Online Professional Network, Jobs, People Search, Company Search, Address Book, Advertising, Professional Identity, Group Collaboration. Gumtree https://www.gumtree.com.au/ Gumtree, is a Britishonline classifiedsand community website. Classified ads are either free or paid for depending on the product category and the geographical market. As of November 2010, it was the UK's largest website for local community classifieds and was one of the top 30 websites in the UK, receiving 14.8 million monthly unique visitors according to a traffic audit. CareerOne https://www.careerone.com.au/ CareerOne is a leading digital media and technology company offering innovative solutions. CareerOnes solutions go beyond the traditional job board and offer customers the ability to target talent across thousands of websites, manage their talent with market-leading cloud technology, and promote their company using customized virtual environments. Job roles with different employees The electronics and communication industry is a large industry where the people are deployed at various levels. The key role and responsibilities can be discussed as: Responsibilities: Soldering and electronic component modifications of PCB prototypes, engineering development kits and development jigs Review datasheets for components in gaining insight for assigned prototyping and modification tasks (Koen, 2015) Bring-up prototypes to operation Perform high quality soldering and IC changing to fine pitch SMT PCBs Plan and maintain engineering lab tools, audit equipment and arrange calibration and repairs as required Research and sourcing of new equipment Conduct prototype testing for mechanical aspects of the design Construction of lab bench jigs and dev-kit platforms to carry out product development and verification of designs Assist with verification and validation testing for new firmware releases. Responsibilities Service and repair of all Catapult products, and maintaining documentation for reparations. Production of Catapult hardware and accessories. Preparation of quality and manufacturing documentation. Final testing of software, firmware and hardware, as well as fabrication and testing of prototypes. Assist managing third part suppliers and associated contracts. Stocktaking and general office duties. https://www.seek.com.au/JobListing/PrintJob?id=31263506pos=5type=standout https://www.seek.com.au/job/31080954?pos=4type=standardengineConfig=userqueryid=46388853909618204tier=no_tierwhereid=1002 Job ads pictures should be proper not like that it just a example Level of remuneration Remunerationis payment or compensation received for services or employment. This includes the base salary and any bonuses or other economic benefits that an employee or executive receives during employment (Faggian, 2013). Level of remuneration for graduate roles can be expected in these roles is below: Mobile phone Professional memberships Laptop Performance bonus Parking Extra superannuation (in addition to compulsory superannuation) Annual leave Overtime Remuneration package Typically the remuneration package would consist of a fixed component and a variable component. The engineering level jobs are the Grade 1 job where the package is good. A sample package of Grade 1 Engineer can be shown as: Source: Engineers Australia Salary and Benefits Survey 2010 Level of remuneration changed over the last 10 years Graduate employee website link The graduate employee website is Intel. The company, Intel is a famous organization at a global level. The electronic and communication industry has seen an exponential growth. It is expected that the companies like Intel would hire more talent in the time to come (Wanberg, 2012). Therefore, Intel is the preferred employee for me and other electronics engineers to work. The engineers in the field of Electronics and Communication would help Intel in the chip manufacturing process and to optimize the existing processes of chip manufacturing. The link to the website is https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/jobs/locations/australia.html Their graduate eligibility terms are graduation (Engineering) in the field of Electronics and Communication. The company is also open to hire the engineering graduates in the field of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering. The company looks for the candidate that has the coding knowledge. At the time of recruitment, the organization would conduct a coding interview wherein the organization would assess the coding knowledge and the coding skills of respondents. Reference tools for career The website would use the data and analytics to provide deep insight into the job. The websites would also use the data of various respondents to determine the competitiveness in the market. It is important that the candidates applying for job should have a clear understanding of the requirements and the job for which they want to apply. The reference tools can provide the great data analytics capabilities (Zimmerman, 2012). There are various websites where people put their interview experiences. It is important that the people applying for the job should learn from the interview experiences of other people. With the use of mobile phones and smart phones, the candidates can also get the reference tools in the form of mobile applications. There are number of mobile applications that provide placement assistance to job candidates. The Android users and the iPhone users should use the Play Store and Apple Store to download the reference tool applications. Reference tool to gain employment The best tool would be an effective resume or CV. I believe that the people should carry a single page resume. It is believed that the resume creates the first impression of the candidates. Therefore, it is important that the aspiring candidates should have a strong resume. There are also other references tools that people shall use. Another reference tool that the people should use is Cover Letter (Baker, 2016). It is important that the people applying for the job should have a very effective Cover Letter. It is recommended that the Cover Letter should explain the past experience of the candidate in detail. The Cover Letter should be brief and crisp. It should only contain the necessary information. Non electronics sources The non-electronic sources would be newspaper and magazines. In recent times, there has been a transformation from the traditional and non-electronic sources to electronic sources. However, the non-electronic sources are still used extensively (Melloy, 2013). Therefore, it is important that the candidates should also search for jobs in the non-electronic sources. There are various monthly magazines that provide the information about the available jobs in the market. It is important that the candidates should apply for the subscription of these magazines. The job advertisements in these magazines would help the candidates to select the best jobs for them. Hidden job market The hidden job market is the passive job market where people would refer each other for the job. One of the most widely used methods in the hidden job market is the employee referral. It happens when the existing employee would refer their friends to the organization. In the current job environment and the electronics industry, there is a shortage of talent (Ibarreche, 2016). The large organizations like Intel, HO, etc. are always in need of qualified electronics engineers. The employee referral and other hidden job methodologies is a powerful way for organizations to reach out to the candidates and potential employees. Conclusion The above paper discusses the job evaluation for electronics and communication engineers. This field is a growing field and it is expected that there would be large number of openings in this field. The job portals like Indeed and LinkedIn would help the candidates to connect with the recruiters. It is important that that the candidates should apply through the electronic as well as non-electronic sources. Another important medium to apply in the companies is through job referrals. The large companies like Intel, Samsung, Microsoft has huge demand of engineers in the field of electronics and conclusion. References Baker, T., 2016. The Harmful Impact of the Job Description on HRM. InThe End of the Job Description(pp. 27-47). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Boswell, W.R., Zimmerman, R.D. and Swider, B.W., 2012. Employee job search toward an understanding of search context and search objectives.Journal of Management,38(1), pp.129-163. Dahling, J.J., Melloy, R. and Thompson, M.N., 2013. Financial strain and regional unemployment as barriers to job search self-efficacy: A test of social cognitive career theory.Journal of counseling psychology,60(2), p.210. Faggian, A., Corcoran, J. and McCann, P., 2013. Modelling geographical graduate job search using circular statistics.Papers in Regional Science,92(2), pp.329-343. Guan, Y., Guo, Y., Bond, M.H., Cai, Z., Zhou, X., Xu, J., Zhu, F., Wang, Z., Fu, R., Liu, S. and Wang, Y., 2014. New job market entrants' future work self, career adaptability and job search outcomes: Examining mediating and moderating models.Journal of Vocational Behavior,85(1), pp.136-145. Ruiz, M., Ibarreche, S., Peterson, L. and Guerrero, L., 2016. the impact of immigrant acculturation and job search information on entrepreneurship opportunity. 2015-2016 OFFICERS President President-Elect Program Chair Program Chair-Elect, p.133. Saks, A.M., Zikic, J. and Koen, J., 2015. Job search self-efficacy: Reconceptualizing the construct and its measurement.Journal of Vocational Behavior,86, pp.104-114. Van Hooft, E.A., Wanberg, C.R. and Van Hoye, G., 2012. Moving beyond job search quantity: Towards a conceptualization and self-regulatory framework of job search quality.Organizational Psychology Review, p.2041386612456033.

Anselm Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, , Term Papers

Anselm Not every great writer can be correct in what he or she is saying. This is the idea that Gaunilo had in mind when he wrote his criticism to St. Anselms Ontological Argument which states that if something greater than anything else that could be thought of is conceived in the understanding then it must exist. Gaunilo says it is foolish to believe in the existence of something just because it is understood. He says there must be some kind of other explanation. In this paper, I will try to explain both Anselms theory and Gaunilos argument by first breaking each of them down in simpler terms. I will attempt to show what Gaunilo is trying to discredit with his objection. One of St. Anselms theological topics deals with the Ontological Argument in which discusses the idea of existence. He gives a definition of God as that than which nothing greater can be conceived (69). His idea being that God is the ultimate being or the greatest possible being (68). He says there is nothing anyone can possibly imagine that could be better than Him. This argument gives God the highest human qualities possible. He is omnipotent as well as omniscient. Anselm suggests that there is no one or nothing in this world that is greater than God is (69). This perfection that God possesses leads into the fact that He must exist. He is trying to create the idea that God exists and nothing can be better than he can be. However, one must ask where Anselm gets his proof. What evidence does he have to back up his argument? If nothing greater than God can be conceived in anyones understanding, God is said to be humanly perfect. Since to be perfect, in part, is to exist; something that does not exist cannot be perfect. Something that exists has to be better than something that does not exist simply because it is here. If a child imagines the greatest toy he can think of and then is able to play with it, it has to be better than just the image of the toy in the childs mind. He can feel it and hold it and play with this perfect thing that nothing, in his eyes, can beat. He says it is perfect and part of that perfection comes from the fact that he can play with his creation. If God is perfect in human terms then he must exist, because if he did not then one can imagine something greater that does. What Anselm is saying is that God is perfect, to be perfect is to exist; therefore, God exists. Anselm uses an analogy of a fool to try and display what is meant by his idea. First, he says, Truly there is a God, although the fool hath said in his heart, There is no God (68). The fool is questioning whether or not God exists. He understands what God is, and he knows that God is the greatest being that can be conceived. He understands that this being known as God possesses every human perfection possible. This then, puts God into his understanding or rather, into his mind just as the toy was in the mind of the child. However, the fool cannot understand God to exist. He knows what the greatest being is; he just cannot see that being in front of him. He does not understand that something can exist in reality without being a concrete item or being. He cannot touch God or talk to or listen to God. He can only see God in his mind, so he is confused as to whether God really exists in the world (69). If the boy can see the toy in his mind and yet cannot touch and play with the toy, he is going to have a tough time trying to understand that the toy really does exist. Anselm also tells the story of the painter in which he is explaining the same idea. He says a painter who has an idea of a picture understands it to exist in his understanding or in his mind. He does not understand it to exist in the world

Major Wars and Conflicts of the 20th Century

Major Wars and Conflicts of the 20th Century The 20th century was dominated by wars and conflicts that often altered the balance of  power around the globe. The 20th century saw the emergence of total wars, such as World War I and World War II, which were  large enough to encompass nearly the entire world. Other wars, like the Chinese Civil War, remained local but still caused the deaths of millions of people. The reasons for the wars varied from expansion disputes  to  upsets in government to the  intentional murder of an entire people. However, they all shared one thing: an extraordinary number of deaths. Which Was the Deadliest War of the 20th Century? The largest and bloodiest war of the 20th century (and of  all time) was World War II. The conflict, which lasted from 1939 to 1945, involved most of the planet. When it was finally over, more than 60 million people were dead. Of that enormous group, which represents about 3 percent of the entire world population at the time, the huge majority (well over 50 million) were civilians. World War I was also bloody, with 8.5 million military deaths plus an estimated 13 million more civilian fatalities. If we were to add in the deaths caused by the  1918  influenza epidemic, which was spread by returning soldiers at the end of  World War I,  the WWI total would be much higher, since the epidemic alone was responsible for  50 to 100 million deaths. Third in the list of bloody wars of the 20th century is the Russian Civil War, which caused the deaths of an estimated 9 million people. Unlike the two world wars, however, the Russian Civil War did not spread across Europe or beyond. Rather, it was a struggle for power following the Russian Revolution, and it pitted the Bolsheviks, headed by Lenin, against a coalition called the White Army. Interestingly, the Russian Civil War was over 14 times deadlier than the American Civil War, which saw the deaths of 620,000. The American Civil War was by far the deadliest war in history for United States soldiers. The second deadliest war in terms of American deaths was World War II in which 405,399 Americans died. The List of Major Wars and Conflicts of the 20th Century All of these wars, conflicts, revolutions, civil wars, and genocides shaped the 20th century. Below is a chronological list of the major wars of the 20th century. 1898–1901 Boxer Rebellion1899–1902 Boer War1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War1910–1920 Mexican Revolution1912–1913 First and Second Balkan Wars1914–1918 World War I1915–1918 Armenian Genocide1917 Russian Revolution1918–1921 Russian Civil War1919–1921 Irish War of Independence1927–1937 Chinese Civil War1933–1945 Holocaust1935–1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War (also known as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War or the Abyssinian War)1936–1939 Spanish Civil War1939–1945 World War II1945–1990 Cold War1946–1949 Chinese Civil War resumes1946–1954 First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War)1948 Israel War of Independence (also known as the Arab-Israeli War)1950–1953 Korean War1954–1962 French-Algerian War1955–1972 First Sudanese Civil War1956 Suez Crisis1959 Cuban Revolution1959–1975  Vietnam War1967 Six-Day War1979–1989 Soviet-Afgha n War1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War1990–1991 Persian Gulf War1991–1995 Third Balkan War1994 Rwandan Genocide

Are we too dependent on technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Are we too dependent on technology - Essay Example viduals who believe that it has taken over our daily routines, those who think that it only stands to benefit the world lives and some who have mixed views about technology’s effects. These arguments beget the seeds of controversy on this compelling argument. According to the Google search, Voltaire said it initially: â€Å"With great power comes more responsibility†. Normally one hears this quote from a title fighter, a Jedi, or a team that has successively won the Stanley Cup. I this papers the same quote may be aimed right at those who have themselves more dependent on technology. Many have been lost to technology and have lost the urge of an even developing societal skill as before. Most teenagers these days even lack the know how to use a dictionary since "Google fixes it all" so many of these teenagers dont see it as a required skill. Traditionally, children were supposed to take care of their parents at old age and through the advices they obtain better their lives. These are contrary to the modern teenage life. The modern teenager is those who sometimes 7 to 10 hours a day on the internet and other technological gadgets. They rarely find time even build their social life. This can be arguably be attributed to the dependenc y on technology. To further see how technology has to reap the world its treasures ,look around at the number of individuals who are engrossed in their personal computers, those with phones walking down the street, or while driving. No one can deny the fact that most accidents today are caused by individuals using or over-relying on various forms of technological devices such as their phones while driving, whether it is for GPS, to get on Tweeter, Facebook or anything else. Its insane and erroneous for individuals to fathom how anyone ever stays without texting, Google and GPS. In reality, Technology is a big assistance and a big problem. So how does one know when too much is too much? It can be clearly be traced to our daily routine

Social Entreprenuerism Writtien Assignments 2-5 Coursework

Social Entreprenuerism Writtien Assignments 2-5 - Coursework Example Production should be at a reasonable cost without compromising the quality of products or services. In addition, after the production, the products or services should be made accessible to the prospect market at the required time (Jay & Gillian 2012). This would enable the business to remain competitively advantaged within the industry. As the company maximizes on achievement of results, it should also focus on remaining socially irrelevant. The company should be able to identify its weaknesses in ensuring that it meets its set objectives. For example, the costs of production should not outweigh the revenue flow (Jay & Gillian 2012). The products of the company should also remain relevant to the market to ensure that the business remains on top of its competitors. Each market or field of operation in a business has external opportunities. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that the business has a mechanism of exploiting such opportunities. However, the business should only adopt such responsibilities if they embrace the social value equation of the business (Jay & Gillian 2012). It is not prudent to pursue opportunities that present potential threats to the business, either internally or in the external environment (Jay & Gillian 2012). The threats that arise in a business present the organization with an opportunity to develop counter measures that will enable the business to be relevant and retain its competitive advantage. A Cooperative strategy refers to a strategy where different firms work together to achieve a common objective. It is an attempt by companies to realize their goals and objectives by cooperating with other organizations instead of competing with them. Cooperative strategies are significant for firms competing in the global economy. However, discussions show that they are prone to failures due to their complexities

Leadership in the Virgin Group

Leadership in the Virgin Group In the past 20 years Richard Branson had extended his Virgin brand from one business of a magazine called student to distinct businesses like airline, trains, mobile phone, broadband, cola, bridal wear, financial services, retail chain, jeans, cars, and books. Branson started with a magazine with name of Student when he was 16 years age in January 1968. He was successful in selling its 50,000 copies at that time. (virgin, 2011) Later he quite the study and make it a fulltime job. In 1970 he started a mail-order company with name of Virgin that was name which now grow today in a big business empire. Virgin now a day is fast expanding business in world in many sectors from airline to broadband services. It is considered as worlds most respected and leading brand. Sir Richard Branson started what started in 1970 it is now a success empire of multi-businesses. It is dealing with 300 brands, more than 50000 employees and 11.5 Billion Pounds business currently. (virgin, 2011) In this study we are going to see how things are being managed at leadership levels by Richard Branson and his team for virgin group and how it is leading towards success of business. This report focuses on finding such theories, models of leadership that can be learned from virgin to put these for success of other organizations we will also find how Sir Richard Branson is dealing his own way to this group and how he is making progress in his business. In this study we will see the progress made by Virgin and later we will make analysis of approach adopt by Virgin and other in same industry. We will also look at Sir Richard Branson leadership style and will try to find some suggestion of improvement for Virgin in future times at end of our study. Virgin Success Model Virgin under Sir Richard Branson claims that they are difference maker in the world. For that they are trying to innovation in their ways to get higher in competitive advantages and in their diversity. They introduce virgin as a brand that stands for quality, innovation, competitive challenge, fun and value for customers money. They have good research and analysis system that help them in starting anything new. They claim that they put same shoe of customers to walk on the street of purchasing and utilizing things before going into a start. (Bartholomeusz, 2011) They work as trend setter in the market rather than being just followers. They deeply focus on their competitors approach and then develop a strategy that comes with better results. They make sure they are adding some values to any brand. They focus on risk and rewards. They are very much selective and careful in appointing their staff and management team. They even for Human resources went into joint-ventures with other companies to get maximum inputs and knowledge from skilled market. They have diverse approach with diversity in their products and services with bunch of variety in it. They are very much concern about their market and ways into that market. All this is lead by Sir Richard Branson. The power of virgin is hiding with leadership style of Richard Branson who is good in his ways and style. His reputation, network, partners and management brought him to this level as it mentioned on their by company itself. They got rid of bureaucratic ways of management and replaced it with competent self motivated management that is capable of dealing with situation their selves most the times instead looking for directions upwards every time as it is in every bureaucratic structure. They work as team as family even within their businesses and within the group of this brand virgin. There are some time certain problems for that their system provides a solution based leadership and at the top is Richard himself working like a good skilled leader and manager. Everything t hey try is customer feedback based and makes right guidelines for them every time when they miss something. Here is list of business under this group (virgin, 2011) :- Virgin Atlantic Airways, hello Gorgeous Virgin Blue (airline with its name as Virgin Blue, Virgin America, V Australia) Virgin Holidays ( Virgin Holidays + Hip Hotels, Virgin Holidays Cruises, Virgin Limited Edition, Virgin Vacations, Blue Holidays) Lifestyle (Virgin Active UK) Virgin Wines (Australia) Virgin Active (Australia, Italia, Portugal, South Africa, Spain) Virgin Experience Days Virgin Racing Virgin Trophy Virgin Mobile (Australia, Canada, France, India, Qtels, South Africa, UK and USA) Virgin Media Virgin Produced Virgin Money ( UK, Australia, South Africa, Money Giving) Virgin Earth Challenge Virgin Green Fund Virgin Unite (NGO) Virgin Megastore (music and entertainment) Virgin Radio International Virgin Festivals We can see how diverse market virgin have to deal under leadership of Richard Branson. This kind of divers, spread and wide business required higher levels of leadership with commitments to deal with it effectively that Richard is doing over the years. Leadership in any Organization has some specific focal point on administrative leadership as whole in that organization and it tries to fill the gap of academic management theoretical study and its practical implication on bases of real life situations. Here we will find what kind of approaches, theories and models are in practice with in leadership concept in business world. There are numbers of models and theories in leadership study, here are some of these mentioned under (associates, 2011) :- Appreciative Inquiry Attributes of Management Excellence Attribution Theory Bases of Social Power Beyond Budgeting Centralization and Decentralization Change Approaches Change Behaviour Change Equation Change Management Change Phases Changing Organization Cultures Charismatic Leadership Coaching Competing Values Framework Contingency Theory Core Group Theory Crisis Management Cultural Dimensions Cultural Intelligence Culture Levels Dimensions of Change Dimensions of Relational Work Emotional Intelligence EPIC ADVISERS ERG Theory Expectancy Theory Five Disciplines Force Field Analysis Forget Borrow Learn Framing Functional Leadership Groupthink Growth Phases Hagberg Model of Personal Power Hierarchy of Needs Inspirational Leadership Instrumental Approach of Stakeholder Theory Intrinsic Stakeholder Commitment Leadership Continuum Leadership Pipeline Leadership Styles Leadership Styles Level 5 Leadership Leveraged Buy-out Levers of Control Management Buy-out Management by Objectives Managerial Grid Managing for Value Mentoring Moral Purpose Normative Approach of Stakeholder Theory OODA Loop Organizational Configurations Organization Chart PAEI management roles Parenting Advantage Parenting Styles Participative Leadership Path-Goal Performance Prism Portfolio Analysis POSDCORB Positive Deviance RACI (RASCI) Result Oriented Management Results-Based Leadership SECI model Servant-Leadership Seven Habits Seven Signs Of Ethical Collapse Seven Surprises Situational Leadership SMART Social Intelligence Spiral Dynamics Stakeholder Value Perspective Strategic Intent Strategic Stakeholder Management Hence we will look some good models and theories among all above for that we select three which are more comprehensive in their approach. Part One (a) 1: Theory of Needs by David McClelland The human motivation is comprises of three main needs: 1 need for achievement 2 need for power 3 need for affiliation. This theory of needs was given by American psychologist David McClelland based on work of Henry Murray that was done in 1938. In 1961 he stated that the motivation of an individual can result from three dominant needs: the Need for Achievement, Power and Affiliation. (Pattanayak, 2005) Every person wants to achieve certain goals in his or her life that are very important to that person in the life. Some time they look for success and positive feedback from others. They look to widen themselves and to avoid risks situations. They mostly try to avoid low-risk because they want to attained success easily. While in some high-risk projects all achievers look the outcome as chance not the as a result for their efforts. They love to work their selves alone or some time with some other person with high achievements. McClelland believes about these people that those are always the best leaders with some tendency of higher demands from their staff. They are result driven in their approach. They seek higher personal relations and look for acceptance from others. They also tend look same kind of norms from their work group. They struggle to create and maintain relationships with higher level of trust and good mutual understanding. They always prefer cooperation on competition. According to McClelland they perform in customer service and dealing clients very well. McClellands this concept is also take as Acquired Needs Theory, the Learned Needs Theory, and Three Needs Theory. 2: Management by Objectives: (SMART) by Drucker In this theory main focus is on defining main objectives for organisations employees and later directing their performance according to these objectives. Peter Drucker presents it in his work The practice of Management as Management by Objectives in 1954. (Hurd, 2008) Management by objectives relies on focusing and defining the objectives for every employee and making their performance according to these objectives. The major aim is to increase performance in the organization through matching organizations goals and employees goals. Employees are given main identity and acknowledgement in this system. Purpose is to involve evry one in the organisation rather than focusing and giving importance to top managers. This way all mangers start from their levels and they later contribute on top level in planning and implementations. Principles of MBO:- 1 flow of organizations goals and objectives 2 Specific objectives for every member 3 Participation in decision making 4 Explicit time period 5 timely performance evaluations with proper feedback. Management by Objectives is having a method for development called SMART method this SAMRT is taken from * Specific * Measurable * Achievable * Realistic And * Time-related. This method of checking MOB is effective to keep organisation and staff on right direction always. 3 Centralization and Decentralization By changing the ways of decision making at authority levels and by corresponding organizations structure effectively higher goals can be achieved. All organizations have to make many strategic and many of the operational decisions. The question is who makes these decisions and at what level. In normal bureaucratic structure decision are always made by top management. Thus this system holds the time and makes slow of process and sometimes delays the required decisions. This is called centralisation and in Decentralisations thing is decided at implementations level other than any change required in policy which is changed at top management levels this makes things done in swift way. (Pride, 2009)Thus Centralization is process of transferring and passing on decision making authority at higher levels of hierarchy in organization. In a centralized organization decision are made at higher levels. Most the knowledge and information about organisation lie at top levels and are shared according o need at lower level. Decentralization, is process of transferring and passing on decision making authority at levels of hierarchy in organisation. In a decentralized organization decision are made at lower levels and they are informed to higher levels for records. Most the knowledge and information about organisation lie at lower levels and are shared according to need at top level also direction are taken when those are required. Part one (b) Implementation of models at Virgin and others Branson believed in the best communication through setting an example by the leadership. Staffs need to have a role model whom they can follow. Branson being a reel from traditional management structure and systems adopted a diverse approach that compromising all three models mentioned in our study previously. We will look into these at virgin by Branson and at other businesses in same industry like Sir Terry Leahy ways in managing of Tesco and Keith Rupert Murdoch of sky group one by one. Theory of Needs As mentioned above this theory is based on three main needs of need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation. Richard Branson as young man was searching for all these and thus he focused on achieving these targets as soon as possible. For that purpose he started his magazine student. With early sales he generated lots of business and set virgin company. Later years he expanded it in diverse business, looking for these set targets of needs. He also made his company according to this principal of human needs and set a trusted mechanism for every employee in virgin business. As mentioned by David McClelland he creates a higher level of the motivation for an individual in his organisation to bring results from the satisfaction of these three dominant needs: the Need for Achievement, Power and Affiliation. He knows well that every person wants to achieve certain goals in his or her life that those are very important to them. That also need support from organisation to give room to everyone to show capabilities and get rewards, thats what virgin follows as a strategy in their businesses. He like McClelland believes that people have great capabilities if they are given proper training and chance to put their efforts in it. That is resin virgin have this kind of set up that supports these basics. On other hand if we see the TESCO and Sky they have different approach their business than what Richard brought to Virgin. (Telegraph, 2011) They have more tight control over things their corporate ways are not fit into need based theory but they have adopted some other ways to groom their corporate business. That reason that TESCO and Sky look more tight business in their terms and they sometime re hit by losses. When staff dont feels part of being into teams and they feel just as working brains and hands unlike the people who work at Virgin who look the Virgin as their life part due to its benefits that it is giving to them. 2: Management by Objectives At virgin this model is followed completely as organisation focuses on its objectives and makes employees get their targets set accordingly. They have to adjust things both way first company tries to accommodate employees objective and makes such corporate strategy that helps staff in achievement of their objective s and policies are supportive to employees in their growth. While employees are also expected to go with the broader objective s of company and be loyal to the company objective. It is in many studies that virgin having higher level of such loyalty from staff. Virgin ensures that there is enough support for employees identity and acknowledgement in their system. Purpose is to involve everyone in the organisation rather than focusing and giving importance to top managers. This way all mangers start from their levels and they later contribute on top level in planning and implementations. Virgin follows all principles of MBO like flow of organizations goals and objectives at all levels is ensured, there is set of specific objectives for every member, there is higher level of participation in decision making by staff, There is certain time span for targets and everything is based on time and feedbacks. Virgin also makes policies and targets based on SMART approach. Making all targets and objectives Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-related. If we compare this with TESCO and Sky they also have this approach in their business and they try to keep them on this way of management by objectives. (mandmgloba, 2011) All three companies are doing well on it but it is fact that the way Virgin is following this rule is different from others two and they are doing remrably well in their performance compare to others two. Other two have huge investments supports but still if we compare the returns over investments Virgin is making ahead. While this approach of Management by objective is adopted by all these mega businesses in their strategy of dealing things in their business. 3 Centralization and Decentralization There is beautiful balance of centralisation and decentralisation at Virgins Group this was attained through by changing their ways of decision making at authority levels and by corresponding organizations structure effectively higher goals can be achieved. All decisions are made according to need and capacities. There is more freedom at lower levels in Virgin as Virgin leadership believes in human potential. Thus they avoid unnecessary delays in decision at implementation levels. On the other hand the concept of centralisation in TESCO (Hiscott, 2010) and at Sky is more tight than Virgin. Their decentralisation approach is some time affected by the ways of decentralisation for short times. They were failing to develop such kind of trust over their managers that the staffs of Virgin enjoy. The team building and degree of freedom for performance according to your skills is very high at Virgins comparing to TESCO and Sky. Both are facing good competition in their related product and se rvices with Virgins. As three of them are into media, mobile industry and service providing in different sectors. Part Two Sir Richard Branson leadership style. If we deeply study the style of Mr Branson he is a dynamic leader that always looks higher towards major goals in life. For that he adopts couple methods like Theory of needs, MOB and balanced centralisation and decentralisation. He more focuses on brand value of his company. He has very simple ways of living, he believes in enjoying life and sharing it with others. He is man of his own choices he choose what he liked instead of looking into his background on that business and he made success. He always bucking his team on different occasions as he wants them feels that he is with them in all matters. He has developed a culture at Virgins that cannot be found in many organisations. All employees of Virgin are invited to show and perform their capabilities. He is innovative person with many qualities of leadership in business that reason his company is expanding over the years. HE has invested his own rule for all this and put all his efforts as success that way. He is able to identify many hurdles and made much better than his compotators. He has given his employees great independence in work as he also welcomed them for fast promotions ov er the time. He has idea that anyone can took over the top in his company if they show such kind of commitments. Virgins all success in days of 1970s and 1980s is result of Bransons unusual way and management style that was corner stone on all this business and his corporate norms were different form the system that was existing at that time. He stopped wearing traditional businessmen suit and tie instead he use to wear a sweater and slacks. He uses technologies effectively compare to other and enjoy his holidays and dealing everything on phone, fax and internet. He gives his subordinates more freedom to work their tasks. He believes everyone wants to deal with top person so he provides his managers to deal with him directly. He gives his staff high performance incentives and he relies on his team. He also adopted a technique through which he have divided his company tasks into multi unit operations. His companies are connected with each other very well and some time supports each other. Most important is that he always encouraged to his employees go and do some innovation and take more risks instead of being in fear with failure risks. He is famous for his risk taking ability and habit. He normally emphasise on the importance that a service should bring for customers for the value of their money. He is skilled with troubleshooting and making new projects. His motto is to create such companies only in which he himself believes. Part Three Proposals for development Virgin group have their own ways of developing people it is the best way for them to carry things as Mr Branson himself was doing. As he can himself aware fully that every individual unlike his educational background have such capabilities that can make businesses grow remarkably. There should be a system of skill promotion based on theory of needs for the staff. It should more focus on hidden capabilities of people who are working in Virgin and those are trying to attain higher professional success though their hidden skills. There should be culture of responsibility in the company where people do feel their own responsibility instead of every time supervisors are making them to perform their duty. This thing can be brought when people feel trust by the supervisors to make decisions and do things on their own within certain limited that is secure. The group is already doing well by providing people innovative ways to show their skills while they are working with the company. There should be continue system of need based development and a balanced central and de-central approach. Things for Virgin unlike other business are very much bright as they have diversity if businesses. As Branson believed in aligning his company HR department with the values of company he is more conscious about his brand value. He also makes smart decisions when picking people for any task as if they have same bend of mind that is company value it would be easier for them to do best in their job. Virgin has a diverse approach so they dont have any set traits for any person to become employee at Virgins. However they use to select people who are ready to take responsibility in their own and can work hard. Main focus they always have is aligning with customers need and wants. Thus company has created its value in the business and market and made his brand as symbol of success and trust.

Mountain man brewing company case study solutions Essay

Radico Khaitan’s young and enthusiastic sales force services retail outlets across the country, understanding requirements and fulfilling them, thereby developing enduring relationships. The Sales team comprises professionals with vast domain expertise, years of experience in the liquor industry and a deep understanding of varied markets. Support Services The MIS & IT Department leverages technology to help Radico Khaitan gain a competitive edge. Radico Khaitan was among the first companies in the liquor industry to implement Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), using SAP, to streamline processes, optimize workflow management, manage inventories and reduce costs. The ready availability of reporting information has facilitated more efficient decision-making and improved customer management. Accounts & Finance Services Radico Khaitan Ltd has been continuously showing growth over previous years and registering healthy profits. This has been made possible through the steps taken by the Finance department like bringing down the cost of borrowings substantially.The Efforts of the finance department has made Radico one of the best prospects for timely repayment of debts and providing the highest safety of funds for lenders. The department also has excellent financial management with strong fundamentals in the short and medium term. Marketing Services In the short span of time, Radico Khaitan has been able to make the transition from being a manufacturer of Extra Neutral Alcohol to being a company with a portfolio of hugely successful brands. Our understanding of market demands and ability to satisfy consumer needs has been responsible for this. Consistently superior quality, a wide range of products, innovative packaging, pricing to suit all pockets, a nation-wide distribution network that covers 95% of retail points, clubs and bars in the country, effective advertising, and popular events and promotions. Other Products & Services Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) Services 2. Objectives To understand the problems faced by the company before implementation of ERP and the process of ERP system implementation. In addition to this, analysis of the present ERP and suggestion of some improvements. 3. Methodology We would study the different processes in the company and then we will study the problems faced by company before implementing ERP. Prepare the questionnaire to collect data from the company and study the solutions given by the SAP consultant. 3.1.Need For ERP Improve alignment of strategies and operations Improve productivity and insight. Reduce costs through increased flexibility. Support changing industry requirements – Take advantage of the SAP Web-based technology to integrate your end-to-end processes seamlessly. Improve financial management and corporate governance – Gain deep visibility into with financial and management accounting functionality combined with business analytics. Gain higher ROI faster – Install SAP ERP using rapid-implementation techniques that cost less than half what traditional approaches cost. Provide immediate access to enterprise information – Give employees new ways to access the enterprise information required for their daily activities.